Art has long been a medium of expression, allowing artists to communicate their perspectives, emotions, and ideas. Throughout history, the portrayal of living beings has been a predominant theme in art. However, there exists a realm beyond figural representation — the world of abstract art and iconoclasm. …

In the earliest days of Islam, parchment was commonly employed for manuscript production. However, following the introduction of paper in the Arab world during the eighth century, it swiftly emerged as the dominant medium for writing. It is commonly held that the presence of paper in a manuscript predates its…

Abstract art is often associated with Western art movements, but Islamic abstract art has a rich history that dates back centuries. Unlike Western abstract art, which often lacks genuine meaning beyond aesthetic pleasure, Islamic abstract art focuses on the beauty and transcendence of Allah (God). This deep spiritual connection gives…

Islamic monotheism, or tawhid, is the central tenet of Islam and is the foundation of Islamic belief. It is the belief that there is only one God, Allah, and that He alone should be worshipped without associates or partners (the action of associating anyone or anything in worship with Allah…